Lang copper red glaze kiln Identification

Lang kiln red, that is, Lang kiln firing of copper red glaze porcelain.

Lang kiln of the Qing Dynasty is one of the kiln, that is, 44 years to 51 years of Emperor Kangxi (1705-1712), Jiangxi Provincial Governor Lang Du Li-ting, a supervisor of the burning Yuyao.

In addition to the products of the kiln Lang Lang infrared kiln, and kiln Green Lang, Lang kiln outline in gold and blue glaze, kiln Lang blue-and-white, color and so on. The kiln Lang's greatest achievements was to restore the lost the next medium-term copper red glaze Shaozao technology, successfully fired a well-known red Lang kiln.

Copper as a raw material in order to stain, as early as the Han Dynasty in the lead on the use of green glaze pottery, green glaze lead is in low-temperature oxidation of copper in the flame color. High-temperature copper red first appeared in the Tang Dynasty Changsha kiln, and the other in the Tang and Song Dynasty Changsha kiln kiln are also used for decoration. Isshiki unaware of the real fire copper red glaze porcelain kiln in Jingdezhen began in the Yuan Dynasty, as dark red glaze. It copper red glaze later laid a foundation for the development. Early next to the Wing-lok, Xuande years really fired kiln in Jingdezhen species of bright red high-temperature copper red glaze porcelain. But in the mid-Ming Shaozao this technology has been lost. More than 200 years until the Qing Dynasty Emperor Kangxi North Korea, Lang in the kiln was successfully fired a high-temperature copper red glaze porcelain.

Lang kiln is a red copper red glaze over in a bright, bright and clean their glazed transparent, glass texture, the film patterns and Niumao patterns, varying the depth of glaze. Deep colors are Hongyan, "" as bright as a mirror, run as jade, such as red blood "," characteristics of the glaze Nong Yan Ying Lee, as if the initial setting General of cattle blood red, dazzling. Pan-black color are concentrated, were Seqian Pink, who Sedan Anhe.

Lang kiln-red glaze, yellow rice, green micro-, three white, are to open a film pattern.

Lang kiln-foot red-color glaze there is rice, green apple, were shown the red halo spot, there are occasional white and red glaze at the end of the end.

Lang kiln-red glaze has single-and double-glazed two. Double-glazed, there is no "," Talk, "" Phenomenon, who single-glaze the rim in the high-temperature glaze often flow down so that the exposed rim of Taigu color was generally white, yellow rice, light red or light cyan, Formed a "" Talk "." As the glaze flow down gradually, so that the artifacts On the upper half of glaze, glaze the second half of the deep-yan, forming a "" glaze down "." However, because the production process and exquisite master've got to make Lang kiln-down red glaze generally adequate, however, called the "," Lang does not flow "." Collectively referred to as "" blurted, down enamel, Lang does not flow "," This is a red kiln Lang's identification of the main points. However, "" Lang does not flow, "" not quite the case, according to the survey, Mr. Geng Baochang, about 15% of the flow is enough to glaze over and a little trimming, but with future generations Trad foot off the glaze and the phenomenon of varying degrees of difference.

Lang red glaze kiln, in other areas also have the characteristics of the times of Emperor Kangxi of North Korea. First, as well as the Tai Gu white and hard, there is fetal exposure foot red flint; Second, the silty rim coated with white powder or white pulp, and many had a bubble; three-Xiu is enough to have a cut-ping, Ping-cut edges and corners a little park, roller or garden-style, outside the resumption of the second floor of the Xieqiao desktop; body is a four-foot addition to the red glaze and fetal exposure there is a white line; Fifth-type unique bottles, such as Guanyin, oil Hammer bottle, bowl-Li Kangxi, and so on are very popular when modeling; Sixth, the majority will have no money, sometimes blue, "" Fu-shou "","" "","" Qing-year "," section.

In particular, copper is a very active element in a different atmosphere to burn, the copper color is not the same. Normal copper red in the atmosphere to restore the color, but because of ancient kiln fire, the kiln temperature control, and so it is not very sophisticated, frequent failure of the firing. If the failure to control the atmosphere so that the kiln was an atmosphere of oxidation, the copper will show different levels of blue green, Lang is also the existence of such a kiln. Lang kiln-handed down the so-called "" Lang Kiln Green, "" or "" Green Lang Kiln "," where glaze has a red-and-green outside the Light "," anti-kiln Lang, "" These are then handed down the kiln Lang Hung's class of mutation. "" Lang Kiln Green, "" device with the characteristics of red-Lang kiln is basically the same, the same principles can be identified, "the" anti-Lang Kiln "," device is mostly Shui Yu, and other small, the number of extremely rare .

As the red glaze porcelain kiln Lang Kangxi of the precious, rare materials and Aung price, so future generations are modeled more, some like it very high, almost lifelike. However, imitation goods can not be out of the characteristics of the times, with the real thing is different. Usually, "" Red Lang Kiln "," imitation goods in time for the more generic, but also used when Yongzheng fake Columbia-plus green glaze or simply add color to Emperor Kangxi of different colors like Lang's kiln. First, the imitation of its products appear more white glazed Star point; second half of the glaze on the lower half of glaze contrast with the larger, non-conforming; Taizhi Third, not less dense; four weight is too light or too heavy; Fifth-not-at the time of Emperor Kangxi dignified and elegant; six Quanzu and the rim is not the same process. As long as careful observation of control, like commodities and goods can be really difficult distinction to make.

Lang Green Blue and White Porcelain Kiln

Lang Lang is a porcelain kiln-ting a (word-heng, purple) Duzao the success of the products in the Kangxi period, he served as governor of Jiangxi, because of his love ancient ceramics, ceramics for a great deal of research, the Kangxi Emperor, he played a strong, in the Kangxi 44 years - 51 years 7 years, the Governor of Jingdezhen porcelain shoulder of the officer level, so in this period Yuyao plant products in Jingdezhen, known as Lang was all kiln. Qing Guan-bound to be in this direction, but the Green kiln Lang, Lang did not leave a red kiln kiln, but the collection industry recognized that it is a unique non-section kiln.

Kangxi products with all-green glaze kiln Lang Apple see high respect 12.6cm, diameter 8cm, foot diameter 7.3cm, it is the shape of regulation, research work, fine matrix, uniform thickness, can be seen in the upper abdomen then horizontal marks birth, fetal exposure Department has "red flint." As the statue is handed down goods, so glazed left Cahen many years to come.

Lang Kiln Green is lime glaze containing copper oxide, oxidation in the atmosphere of a green, belonging to the copper green glaze. After the glaze is usually linked by the high temperature of about 1300 degrees from burning, but because of complexity of the process, the firing temperature control is extremely difficult to burn out the ideals and an emerald green glazed porcelain, a very low yield, so keep a very small amount of the world, and often the product Mainly to small pieces. From the existing tiles, in kind, Lang Kiln Green obviously has the following characteristics:

First, Lang kiln green uniform thin layer, the stability of the glaze, was green, beautiful clear, there are more glazed glass-like gloss, like a jade-like feel. Lang in the same kiln in green glaze is a good deal is that.

Second, in close Youxia Agency MATRIX film full of fine lines, known as the "winged flies." 10 times with a magnifying glass to scrutinize, in the small-glazed can be seen on the small little bit, I think it might be in the high-temperature firing process, the glaze by small bubbles formed.

Third, in-Office, there are enough at the end of the last lap but down enough to glaze, commonly known as "Lang does not flow," but very natural glaze down neatly, seems to be a kind of glaze to flow before the end of full drag, however only a feeling, thick enamel glaze to deepen Department, A dark green.

Fourth, Quanzu loach was back, for the walls inside the arch, with adequate facilities at the end of white flash of green-glazed, low-paragraph two-blue-and-white circle shows.

Fifth, Qing-white glaze inside, the thicker layer of enamel, without opening film, with the glaze at the end of his foot inside the green-glazed white flash was more visible difference. There is obviously rim around white powder known as the "light side grass."

Apple green this respect, from its matrix, the shape, hair color, as well as a variety of blue-and-white glaze with a clearly Kangxi porcelain features, but at present virtually no green porcelain kiln Lang on the details of the article, the experts are also very Less mentioned, but I think the Kangxi and green or green glaze kiln Lang significant differences. When I have a collection of Emperor Kangxi in green bottles, the whole pot from the mouth to a time when adequate facilities are green glaze, enamel layer of uneven thickness, and there are a number of leakage points glaze; Lang kiln green glaze with basically the same, but the glaze No fine lines under the opening film.

I always like to single Seyou, this kiln Lang Green Apple Blue and White Porcelain statue, collection of more than 30 years ago, in kind from the Department rim, it's "grass edge lights," Process is: In the first hanging white rim, and then In the external green cover, with respect in the last Qing-white glaze, the glaze is the number of hours to complete. Of course, because of the Green Blue and White Porcelain kiln is firing a specific age, I guess the "grass edge lights," Process is also produced in the process of gradually improved to perfection. Lang Kangxi Blue and White Porcelain Kiln Green "fly wing", "Lang does not flow," "light grass edge" of the three major characteristics of this identification is an important basis for the real thing. I believe that with the Shanghai academic study of ancient ceramics in-depth exploration of the ancient mystery of ceramics will eventually come out in the world.

Porcelain glaze decoration

A porcelain glaze decoration. Also known as the "color kiln." You Xia color ceramics is a major means of decoration, using dry pigment in the shape of the green (that is, semi-finished products) draw on a variety of decorative patterns, and then cover with white or light-colored glaze transparent glaze surface, into the kiln High Temperature (1200-1400 ℃) fired first. After the firing patterns was a transparent glaze over the membrane below the surface soft light, smooth and non-protruding, appears to be transparent crystal. It is characterized by well-preserved color, prolonged fever. We usually see the blue and white porcelain, porcelain You Lihong, Youxia three ceramic, ceramic, and so is the five Youxia Youxia fine ceramic classification.

You Xia Cai history

You Xia ceramic should be the emergence of the Three Kingdoms period dating back to the late Han Dynasty, but at that time just to paint color He simply place prize for the decoration of porcelain, not deliberately drawn decoration. You Xia real porcelain painted to appear in the Tang Dynasty. Changsha, Hunan Province at the time of the kiln craftsmen in order to iron oxide, copper oxide materials for the color green on the map in a different pattern, or write in text, verse, and then by the green-glazed Shi 1220 ℃ ~ 1270 ℃ high temperature firing. Shaanxi then Huangbao Yaozhou, Cixi, Zhejiang Yue kiln, and so has to follow one after another, from Youxia widely popular color, often creating Jingshizhizuo. The most typical is the world were known as the "porcelain country," the blue and white.

At present, the common belief among the archaeological ceramics blue and white were seen in the Song Dynasty, scholars have also earlier, at least back to the late Tang Dynasty. Yangzhou in 1983 Chinatown has unearthed a number of sites believed to be Tang's blue-and-white specimens, but too few in kind, and a complete lack of artifacts. You Xia Song Dynasty blue and white, but fired no difficulty.

You Xia Cai

A porcelain glaze decoration. Also known as the "color kiln." Burn-in or burning of tires on painted green, covered with a transparent glaze, into the kiln temperature (1200-1400 ℃) fired first. Bright surface soft, smooth and non-protruding. Because there are layers of enamel to protect the images from the mill, corrosion resistance, not by a long time off and be able to maintain the bright color and anti-toxins such as lead stripping. But the color varieties less material, color and glaze color are far from rich. Common species are blue, You Lihong, the exquisite blue-and-white, blue and white You Lihong, Youxia colorful, and so on. Changsha Kiln was founded in Tang and Song Ci Zhouyao be inherited, after the yuan to the development of kiln in Jingdezhen.

The porcelain inscriptions

The same porcelain, the inscription is better than no. A number of inscriptions will be more to convey a message, people in the play, feel like an exploration of the unknown Tim Fam key.

The people of modern society, the ads may have had tired of the bombing, but if it is in the more than 1,000 years ago, the porcelain on advertising, it will be able to make a fresh and new. Changsha kiln of Tang Dynasty "Zheng small population the world famous", "Bian small mouth best in the world," the inscription; Beijing Palace Museum collection of a white flower bottle mouth, abdominal engraved with the "Road just small bottle for good." This kind of blowing its own trumpet, no less than modern advertising. Ming and Qing porcelain relatively "good Yutang", "Play Ya Mei-yu," and "rare jade," and so on, but not the Tong Yan San frank, it gives people a feeling timid. Zhejiang Shengzhou County unearthed a pot bets, the inscription "14 years on April 1 million and made this vase, worth a thousand text", is clearly true price, Tongsouwuqi.

Frank to say, when the Graduate celadon on the Kyrgyzstan has made in the Tang Dynasty inscription than candid. Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province, the ancient tombs unearthed in a blue barn, turtle at the top of the monument depicts a positive, "Wing three years (260 years), and Fu Yang (Cheung), should Gongqing, children and grandchildren, long life, thousands of Italian ( Billion) and Britain not long live (calamity), "The inscriptions, and tomorrow the wishes of the auspicious words are written on. Such inscriptions, and the Han Dynasty inscriptions on the bronze mirrors to repeat itself!

Some people believe that the porcelain on the ad shows that at the time of intense industry competition. It's much like poetry inscriptions on the pottery, is the result of industry competition. Wangcheng County of Hunan official kiln of Tang Dynasty unearthed in a copper de Cihu on edge, Shi Yishou: "Chun Chun Chi Man, when Chun Cao Chun-sheng. Chun people drink Spring, spring birds sound of spring." Blend of poetry scene , And pleasure-mao. Copper kiln unearthed several hundred pieces of poetry Ci Hu Ming, Shi-Wuyan of the genre are six words are mostly poetry Wu Yan, nearly 50 kinds of fonts to Xingkai-based, not cursive, but not Zhuanshu, That reading was mainly targeted at the low culture of the masses. Pots have been found on well-known poet of the Tang Dynasty poems 3, and the vast majority of these are not income Poetry "all-Tang." Some people call these poems of the Tang Dynasty unearthed as is the originator of the ceramic poetry. There are pieces of porcelain, engraved with the poem: "I have not Jun Sheng-sheng, I have been Health-old. I was born late-hate, I hate back-Health." If there is a wealth of experience feelings of possession, Mid-Autumn night poem , Mian Bude Health turmoil in the bottom of my heart, maybe even the muddy stream Laolei all out.

Engraved with inscriptions provide for the dating ceramics is the best standard, the most famous of the British Grand Verde Foundation's collection of blue and white Yuan Dragon Cloud ear as bottles, there are regular script blue-and-white question in mind: "Yushan County, Sichuan Road, Shun Tak urban and rural areas Teaching JING Tong, from the north into the San younger brother Zhang Xi She paid a vase censers (Vice) Paul Chi-ching family Kyrgyzstan children safe. Positive April 11 Liang source ancestors stars mindful of the Hall of Hu a net Marshal Da Gong. "This porcelain Yuan has become the standard blue-and-white dating artifacts. Museum of Chinese blue-and-white collection of Qianlong Chan Zhi Wen Lin Gu Hua, by customized Governor TANG Ying Tao Guan. There are seven regular script line of blue-and-white text, "Director-made imperial Duli Yang Xindian southern residential Huai Hai Tao Zheng three Jiujiang in Jiangxi Province is also responsible for customs tax Neiwu Fu Yuan Wailang still control Zuoling five-plus Shenyang TANG Ying-King xian East Pa Ficus erecta always dedicated to Our Lady of the case before. Qianlong six-month Spring Valley, Dan. " We only know that the Governor TANG Ying Tao Guan, he did not think there is a long list of dizziness as the title.

Yuyao County, Lake Shanglin have unearthed a porcelain, engraved on the "so large and medium-sized four-Wei Tang, at the age of Gengwu, August Moon C, Hu's wife Zhu wife in this four-rent, self-reliance in the tomb to fear Zhi-free in future generations, so remember this vase. "This is not only to rent vouchers, is the epitaph porcelain, I am afraid only of the family.

Collection of ceramic art of the three common sense

Have generally working-class collection of ceramic art display, but it is a collection of knowledge.

First of all, it is necessary capabilities. The economy is not very well-off investors can buy a small color plates, small vases, small pots shaped, as well as display both practical and stationery, tea sets and so on.

Second, the display porcelain art as a commodity, the price is not higher the better. You Xia blue and white and color, for example, depends on whether the painting Gong skilled, clear, whether the color Yingrun, transparent, attention was pretending to hold glaze You Xia, the real ones; Youxia Meticulous attention-decorative freehand brushwork, to be drawn by hand, instead of Printing, decals, and color to light.

still room for the display of ceramic art to purchase, not only to look at the overall effect should also see whether the shape of Zhou Zheng, any deformation, whether glazed bright and clean, whether or not a strange color. Choose to display ceramic art in a good light during the day, there will always be a light error.

porcelain on a small bomb call, whether or not to listen to the voices loud and clear, there is a hoarse voice may crack, and then do not look good value.

Jingdezhen porcelain vase flower color of the new plug

Sheng kiln in Jingdezhen Ceramics Co., Ltd. The main production of blue-and-white porcelain, ceramic pastels, modern ceramic art, color glazed pottery, ceramic sculpture, ceramics, such as technology, antique porcelain, household porcelain decoration, daily-use porcelain and ceramic lamps.

Blue and white plate

Blue and white plate (specifications: oral 21.4, 7.4 at the end, high-4.7) is a full-Jingdezhen ceramic artist Pride, He Bingqin, including Qiu, Chen Min, Zhang Jian-fu in 1998 to congratulate Shanghai Jingdezhen Ceramic Art Center and the establishment of special creation of a group of works . At that time, the technology of these high-level artist after 10 years of experience, and some have become national, provincial master, and some ceramics become college professors, these works have already become very valuable for collection and appreciation potential.

Need Jingdezhen ceramics market (2 meters in diameter)

Cichang the present market Jiangnan beautiful blue-and-white Jingdezhen, the diameter of two meters, Jingdezhen for high-level arts and crafts exhibition. Suitable for display on the large-scale buildings, shopping malls, the group, such as the skyscrapers of the lot as a landmark porcelain tower, you can have a good ad and social benefits. Welcoming the businessmen at home and abroad enterprises and more ceramic lovers.

Need Jingdezhen ceramics market (2 meters in diameter)

Cichang the present market Jiangnan beautiful blue-and-white Jingdezhen, the diameter of two meters, Jingdezhen for high-level arts and crafts exhibition. Suitable for display on the large-scale buildings, shopping malls, the group, such as the skyscrapers of the lot as a landmark porcelain tower, you can have a good ad and social benefits. Welcoming the businessmen at home and abroad enterprises and more ceramic lovers.

Need for Australian sandstone Toudiao

Factory since 2001 specializing in natural sandstone of the new Australia, India and sandstone colored sandstone plates domestic wholesale, processing, product specifications are flat, sand lines, natural flat surface, sandblasting flat surface, mushrooms face, kind of carving arts fight Flower brick wall, sandstone brick wall model, relief, like carving, hollowing carved, Tong Hua Diao new decorative products and so on! , Customers can be designed to produce a series of the decorative wall art, and the other a large number of factory production of new types of stone (Kim Shi-dong), the above products are invited to ceramics factory, construction, decoration design, building materials trade business agent Welcome those who wish to come please call or consultation!

Ceramic pots

Ci Chang Chun-hui is located in Jingdezhen city in the world-famous porcelain are - Jingdezhen. I gather a number of plants with rich expertise in research and development staff, with strong production and design and development capabilities, product style rich and varied, but also welcomes the new and old customers to OEM! Mainly ceramic crafts, ceramic gifts, garden pottery, ceramic lamps, ceramic tableware, tea sets and so on.

Qing Dynasty porcelain Tongzhi emperor time of the marriage custom of the palace with a full set of porcelain

The palace is used in accordance with the Qing Dynasty porcelain Tongzhi emperor time of the marriage custom of the palace with a full set of porcelain from Jingdezhen Art Cichang imitation, then produced a total of two, was a royal family of Thailand (army commander) to spend lots of money to purchase, the current domestic This alone a set. The palace used to imitation porcelain, Jingdezhen Art Cichang had sent batches of specialized technical staff to check information on the National Palace Museum for variety, the specifications for porcelain with paint, the texture, has more than three months, back to factory, from 3000 More than arts and science and technology personnel through the joint efforts of more than three years, was finally successful imitation.

Philippine and Chinese ceramics

Philippines (Gucheng Luzon) is the western part of the Pacific Islands countries, and across the sea from China, the Philippines and China's exchanges, is seen at the earliest appropriate Zhaoru Song "Zhu Fan Zhi", the latest in the 3rd century AD has begun. Chen Jing and the "16th century the Philippines and overseas Chinese community," the book said: 3rd century AD Chinese people have been to the Philippines to gold mining activities. Porcelain is in the Philippines exchanges 7, 800 years of historical testimony. Islands in the Philippines of Chinese porcelain unearthed in the number of Habitat Southeast Asian region. According to statistics, the Philippines has more than 10 years of time, a total of about 40,000 porcelain unearthed. And the Oriental Ceramic Society of the Philippines former president Zhuangliang a President "in the Philippines found the white porcelain of the Song, Yuan, Germany," the book said: "Every one of the provinces of the Philippines, each island have unearthed the ancient Chinese ceramics."

Wu Yan from Pakistan - Ba Danni territories to the north of Luzon island, more than the old Iraqi coast, classes Sarsa, Bang Bang teeth, Fortaleza show that in Luzon, Manila, Lebanon and within the productive lake, Cebu and Sulu Island and other places were unearthed, these are Yueyao celadon porcelain bowl Yueyao Tang, Song Hand carved celadon bowl, pot, Shuizhu and engraved with the pattern of tiles and the size of a Hand carved lotus profiling flap of the Song Dynasty and Ciguan Wen Xiaoguan a relief.

Sri Lanka and China Ceramic

Sri Lanka and India are separated only by a strip of water, Gu Cheng, "Ceylon", is the distinction between the Indian Ocean on the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Gulf region's important. Sri Lanka in the Indian Ocean is also an important trade and transit base for China's ceramics land, the ancient Chinese also calls it "the lion country." A Yuwang times in India, which is linked the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea hub, arrived from the east side of the ship, are parked here. Archaeological confirmed: Didijiama ruins of the pagoda in the Yueyao celadon pieces found in Mahuo City Cypriots have unearthed Yueyao Celadon Shi Zaitou in Mannar district, full of ancient Thai ruins Hong Kong, found that 9 to 10 Yueyao century celadon.

India and China Ceramic

India, Gucheng Tianzhu, its excellent geographical location embedded in the Indian Ocean as a bright pearl. India and the Ganges River flows through the territory of breeds this ancient civilization, India and China are both excellent with the same old cultural traditions and ancient civilization without interruption. As early as the Han dynasty, India's Buddhist, literature, art, astronomy, medicine, and so on along the "Silk Road" came to China, especially Buddhism in China had all-round, multi-level social impact at the same time China Paper, sericulture reeling, Zhici technology have also spread into India. Chinese porcelain of a greater impact on India's 20th century in India after the Maisuo Pradesh, Chandra Wei Li, and other places have unearthed a Yueyao celadon. India Keluo De coast of Aliman Tuo ancient ruins of local rule, not three kilometers south, the Roman era South India's foreign trade port, 1945 in the United Kingdom, 1947 to 1948 the French government has in this excavation, have unearthed Late Tang and Five Dynasties period Yueyao celadon. Mysore in the South also helped found the Yueyao Celadon tiles. China's porcelain sold to India, "Zhu Fan Zhi", "Yi Island-like" in both have recorded.

Thailand and China Ceramic

Thailand, Siam Gucheng, in central Indochina, is a Taizu as the main ethnic groups of countries; Taizu Tibetan language is the national, not later than the beginning of the year has settled in northern Thailand. As early as the Bronze Age to the Iron Age, Bronze Age China's Yunnan Province have been imported from Thailand. ( "Southeast Asia" in 1984 Phase 4) China's Han Dynasty began imported silk and ceramics began in Thailand. Archaeological finds unearthed in Thailand is the porcelain-kiln in Changsha. In recent years a number of Yueyao also unearthed porcelain, as in the Malay Peninsula Su Le Thani, Chai Asia and the surrounding areas found that a large number of pieces, of which Yueyao legacy, such as pots and Shuizhu.

North Korea and China Ceramic

China has a long history of exchanges with North Korea. "Book great", "Historical Records", "Three Anecdotes" in the literature, such as China and North Korea have in mind Jizi "of North Korea taking" the legend. Archaeological also confirmed: China and North Korea before the exchanges began in the Han Dynasty. (Refer to the "ancient Korean art of relations with China" contained "Heritage Reference" 1950 No. 12) from the Han to Tang, Chinese culture to North Korea have a considerable impact. During this period, North Korea has experienced a Koguryo, Baiji, Romania and other new historical period, China's literature, art, Chinese characters, Buddhism, construction and technology and so Zhici into North Korea. North Korea unearthed in China's major ceramics in the 20th century after the 1930s. City-gun, Gangwon Province in the original law-chuen, in the third and fourth century tomb unearthed in the Yueyao Celadon sheep-shape. Baiji second-generation Zhong Jing-nan, the capital of the state of Wu Ning Wangling found (AD 523, single, 525 in funeral), unearthed Yueyao celadon lamp, an associate researcher at bowls, four ears pots, pots, and so is 2.60. In the new Romanian capital of Gyeongju (Gyeongju in the southeastern Korean Peninsula), the ancient Shilla era tombs unearthed in the Yueyao Celadon kettle. 1940 in Kaesong Koryo palace discovered early Northern Song Dynasty celadon Yueyao debris in South Chungcheong Province Fu Yuxian Fusu the foot of the mountain found the early Song Dynasty Yueyao celadon dish.

Japan and China Ceramic

Japan and China Eastern coastal not a narrow strip of water, frequent exchanges since ancient times. As early as the Warring States period, the Japanese archipelago has been on the Woren and in this northeast China, north of the ancient Korean state-yan exchanges. ( "North by the Shan Hai Jing Hainei" Reporter: "Japanese are Yan.") Qinmie-yan, a number of Han Chinese to flee North Korea, further to go to Japan, then Japan and China exchange more closely. China's characters, Confucianism, the Chinese painting and calligraphy, Buddhism, China's education system, Dianzhang system, the Japanese have a full impact. Yueyao porcelain Zhejiang origin of its relations with Japan are very close: Yuyao Hemudu rice, Ningbo of Buddhism, the rooftops of tea, paintings and so on the eastern Zhejiang and Japan forged a profound love. The facts prove that China and Japan's sea lanes 2 century BC, had been opened. Yueyao celadon to Japan, in the late Tang Dynasty, when Japan imported many varieties of porcelain, Tang Sancai, celadon, white porcelain and Youxiacaici, etc.. Yueyao celadon in Japan found that the main ones being: Korokan were found near the site more than 2,500 points film, a very great western coastal areas were found in nearly 50 sites have Yueyao Celadon; Horyuji in Nara, a high-preserved 26.4cm, diameter 13.6 cm, bottom diameter of 10.1 cm Yueyao four of celadon pot; Kyoto Renhe temple unearthed in a Tang Dynasty porcelain boxes; Li Ming found the Tang Dynasty Temple 3 feet; Pingcheng Beijing have unearthed the site敞口slant wall, narrow Foot-flat bowl; municipal governance in both ears they found the pot; in Fukuoka, meters long stay in the mountains of the West Valley and other places have unearthed.

Chinese ceramics and silk

Chinese ceramics and silk as a two-bao, also of China won the "porcelain of the country" and "The Wire" credited, but the way these two are named by Western scholars, is well worth pondering some people .

Ceramic road

"Ceramic road" (The China Road) started in the Tang Dynasty in the late Middle Ages is the main artery of the sea of Chinese and foreign exchanges. Unlike porcelain because of the nature of silk, not in land transport, the optional sea, this is the second of the "Eurasian Continental Bridge." In this way there are many commodities in the dissemination of, such as tea, spices, gold and silver for……. Was named as the "ceramic road", mainly due to the nature of the porcelain trade-oriented, and some of these marine Shanglu known as the "maritime silk road." But one thing is certain is that in the late Tang Dynasty, because of the rise of the Turkish empire and other reasons, "Land Silk Road" weaken the position of the beginning. "Ceramic road" the starting point in China's southeast coast, along the East China Sea, the South China Sea through the Indian Ocean and Arabian Sea to the east coast of Africa or the Red Sea, the Mediterranean to Egypt and other places, or direct from the southeast coast of Japan and North Korea. In this Shanglu of flesh littered the coast of China as the glittering pearl tiles, to illuminate the entire Southeast Asia, Africa and the land of the Arab world. Tang Dynasty historical records, the Tang Dynasty and foreign traffic has seven road, mainly two: the Western Regions Anxi Road, Canton Road-Haiyi, "Land Silk Road" and "sea ceramic road." Tang commercial prosperity reflected not only from Chang'an, also in the south-east of Yangzhou especially, Yangzhou, "Hung Fu Jia Tianxia" Mei Ming, Li Bai there will be no "fireworks in March under the Yangzhou," Du Mu " McGREGOR a decade Yangzhou dream. " If the land "silk road" to China has brought religious piety, "ceramic road" to China has brought enormous commercial wealth, but also for colonial plunder opened the door. Therefore, 16, 17 century "ceramic road", in a sense, became the colonial plundering of the road.

Silk Road

"Silk Road" by the German geologist Richthofen made to the 1877, he had seven along this Shanglu to come to China, with a three-volume "China's" one book, then "Messenger of culture" - Britain's Stein, Bossi and France, Sweden's Sven Hedin, and so have to walk in the footsteps peer, peep the mysterious Chinese culture. For this reason, many priceless have scattered all over the world. A century ago, an ignorance of the guards of the Chinese Buddhist Temple Cave Taoist priest - Wang Yuan Lu, just a few copper, the Dunhuang freebee hand over almost half of the cultural wealth, but fortunately these relics are now the proper preservation and dissemination, I To this life of Chinese people should make the West look at how to deal with the cultural, traditional treatment, in the face of these relics if not really think it » Fortunately, in 1988 UNESCO launched the "Silk Road inspection," the 10-year plan, its theme is "Silk Road: the road of dialogue comprehensive inspection", laid a further in the world this Shanglu The important position of the history of cultural exchanges.

China ceramic future

Created based on the reality of survival depend on, the reality of life wish is to create the momentum. To participate in their own cultural characteristics of the contemporary global cultural construction, to achieve their own form of certification, perhaps the goal of the contemporary arts. China's modern ceramic art should lead to our own cultural background and experience to survive, and that point to the present and future.

Values of the building at the same time, rising to the height of theories. This refers not only in theory, representations of China's modern ceramics have a value of the capacity at the same time in the current criticism should be on a strong team. Up to now, modern ceramics is more logical in theory have not seen the full text, or to see some criticism on the text, most of the ceramics will be inclined to take disciplinary criticism ceramic comment on the history and cultural criticism, but lack of discipline-based language Construction of opinions.

Chinese potters works

In modern Chinese potters works, hidden in two major illnesses, the first is the exaggerated individualism of the blind, shows the seriousness of high aesthetic ignorance or tired. The individual spirit of the day-to-day worship, to a large extent on the connivance of the individual and random way of life and psychological feeling of laissez-faire, was innocent repeat the form of language abuse, making the lack of artistic creation from the perspective of social and cultural survival of feelings of self-involvement, perhaps this is Is the modern Chinese culture in general lack the basic quality of protection. This is China's "modern" of individualism and the recognition of the results brought about by the development of the defects. The second is still on the blind pursuit of technology, this is a classical Chinese ceramics regret. Although the aesthetic of modern ceramics in the performance of the same material dependence, but blindly in the interpretation of material on the avid and experiment, but only showing a landscape material, but also can not edit works of the spirit of the pale. "Ceramics" is ceramic, mud do fire, but also how art is made of raw materials, its significance in the works as a text in the article the meaning of the text itself does not live, ceramic materials and art itself has no direct relationship , And art is far from ideal. Although the exploration of ceramic materials is no end of the road, but, it is necessary to construct the contemporary cultural context of modern Chinese ceramic art monument, we can not stay in the mud and material experiments on fire.

Modern ceramic art

In nearly 20 years of the Enlightenment and the development of modern Chinese ceramics seems to be set up with a platform for dialogue between Western ceramics, but can not find the originator of modern ceramics in China's domestic reasons, and their own values. China's modern ceramics nearly 20 years of achievement, it was woven in the western value system of "exotic", as the Venice of the House of revenue recognition, who is the values at work .

At present, China can only say that the modern ceramic art, out of the language of their own traditional ceramic style insurgency. Spirit and personality of the materials involved in the initial stage. The goal for the future also depends on the specific values of its own certification. Western has been the face of the growing maturity of the success of modern ceramics, pottery in China do to catch up with people always be in the state, however, there is only difference in the arts, does not go beyond. Passive to catch up with their own state led to the loss of value orientation.

Chinese traditional ceramic materials

Chinese traditional ceramic materials from the magic of the production process to the aesthetic form, the world's cultural phenomenon, the original value of significance to long to write a chapter in China. Said it was behind closed doors, but to create their own values in such a brilliant brilliant.

Today the face of China's modern ceramic art, can be said Wei Wei spectacular landscape of the West ceramics. Whether the material scope of means, the form of language and the spirit of individual performance, as well as in non-simple visibility of the material, the performance of diversified media, in public and the environment in the use of the achievements have greatly exceeded the The experience of Chinese ceramic art. This makes modern ceramics in the West, not the same statement said.

China's ceramic culture

In the development of modern Chinese ceramics coordinates, covered with ceramic object of reference of the West, if slightly Buliu Shen others will fall into the trap of the results, digestion out its own significance, and this is the art of aggressive.

In contemporary art, and inadvertently Jingyi, China's modern ceramic art, with billowing from the various art forms hurry the road, in the mainstream art on the edge of the constantly growing self-confidence, participation and influence of China's modern art change.

Although, as all kinds of modern ceramic art, strongly find their own future possibilities, thus re-definition of art, is also trying to transcend the times irrational, with the means to show the spirit of artistic adventure, to show life force. However, the growth of the arts, has never ceased to exist from the external effects of pure self-construction, due to various historical and practical reasons, the value of China's modern ceramics and embarrassing situation of coexistence. This article on the potential value in modern Chinese ceramics behind the embarrassing situation of the following exposition.

Ceramic Color of the major components

The color of porcelain glaze and fetal or minerals contained in the closely related components, the same mineral content of the ingredients because that can change a different color. Pottery containing iron oxide usually produced the clay, because sintering temperature and different degrees of oxidation, the color is yellow, brown-red, brown, gray and other colors. Add in the clay minerals other components, can also fired into the other color, but rare. And the porcelain has always been matched with species richness and variety, are briefed as follows: (L) Celadon: Oxfam green high-temperature glaze porcelain. Green enamel of the main color material is iron oxide, the content of 2 percent. Glaze as the number of iron oxide content, the thickness of the glaze and iron oxide reduction of the level of high and low, showing a depth of different colors of different colors. If more iron oxide in the glaze to restore ferrous oxide, then glaze on the side Green, otherwise Pianhuang, and this atmosphere of the firing. Roasting pottery firing atmosphere that the nature of the flame, the flame oxidation, reduction and Yan Yan are neutral. Full of flame burning that fuel the flames generated carbon dioxide; reduction in fuel flame is burning in the course of hypoxia, a large amount of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide, hydrogen, such as carbonation of the flame; neutral flame is something in between. Use of flame firing, glaze, yellow; flame burning with the partial reduction Green. Celadon often "a film" to decorative items, the so-called open-glaze porcelain layer is the result of births, glaze expansion coefficient different and the crack. The Geyao handed down to the surface for the combined size of a film, small-profile yellow, black large profile, it is "Watkins wire," said. Southern Song Dynasty GUANYAO good application of the most open-and-child thin (Cheng Hui, black), the enamel layer rich (a powder blue, yellow fire, Qinghui, and other colors) the characteristics and utensils Kouyan down because of the glaze and Wei Lu fetal color and utensils at the end of As the pie pad foot pad and open burning tyres, I said, "I Rail Purple Foot," to peace. Yue Yao-celadon and well-known to the world, his works show a special "Yuguotianqing" color, texture Rubing Siyu, after spread to foreign countries, a Chinese porcelain masterpiece.

(2) and porcelain: Oxfam black high-temperature glaze porcelain. Glaze in the iron oxide content in more than 5 percent. Shang and Zhou when the original black porcelain, when the Eastern Han Dynasty Shangyu kiln fired porcelain glazing thickness of the black uniform, a black glaze, Heihe and several species of large number of species to the Song Dynasty Heiyou there. Jian kilns which produced the Tu Hao Wen, Wen drip, Yao changed, and so Chawan, is due to the higher volume of iron in the glaze, kiln firing a longer holding time, the reduction in the flame burning, the glaze in the large number of iron oxide crystal precipitation , Finished Liuguangyicai show that the special pattern, each one carefully looking both self faction, is rare for the precious tea.

(3) white porcelain: Oxfam transparent or opaque white high-temperature glaze porcelain. In a long-term practice, kiln master craftsman to further change the rules of the porcelain was produced in celadon on the basis of reducing the content of iron oxide in the glaze, use of flame burning, white glaze general in the pan-green or yellow, Reduction flame burning glaze Fanqing, "Green white porcelain", "Green Show" said. Tang Dynasty white porcelain production has been highly developed, the most important skills excellence of the North Xingyao, produced by the white porcelain such as silver like snow, with a time of the Southern Yue Yao famous porcelain production, the WHO said the "North-South Green."

(4) Color Youci: a single application of various colors for the high-temperature Youci collectively. The main coloring agent with iron oxide, copper oxide, oxidation and drilling. To the iron oxide as a coloring agent Qingyou, Heiyou, Seyou sauce, such as Huang You. With copper oxide as a coloring agent of the Begonia RED GLAZE, Mei Guizi glaze, red glaze, Shek RED GLAZE, RED GLAZE, cowpea RED GLAZE, are reducing flame burning, burning flame if oxide, a green glaze. To cobalt oxide for the coloring agent of porcelain, fired after the deep blue mixed. In addition, the yellow-green crystalline glaze is also an iron color Youci, commonly known as "tea at the end."

(5) Caici: You Xia Cai Cai Glazed porcelain and collectively. You Xia Cai is the first porcelain in the blanks on the pigment used for decoration, Zaishi green, yellow or colorless, transparent glaze, fired from the heat. Glazed pottery is the color of porcelain in the firing on all kinds of pigment used mapping patterns, and then from the low-temperature baking.

(6) blue and white: You Xia Cai one of the species, also known as "white glaze blue and white." In the green and white on the use of cobalt oxide pigment绘成logo pattern, Oxfam, transparent glaze, firing at high temperature. In the firing, the use of flame when the dark blue and white color, with reduction flame is bright blue and white color.

(7) You Lihong: You Xia Cai one of the species. The porcelain on the green with copper oxide with the pigment to draw logo pattern, and then Oxfam transparent glaze, the reduction produced from high-temperature flame.

(8) Choi Doo: You Xia Glazed blue and white and color combination of varieties, also known as the "amuse color." First in the blue and white porcelain used on the green pigment drawn hook pattern as the contour, who used high-temperature firing a transparent glaze, and then as the contour in the red, yellow, green, purple and other colors painted filled by low-temperature Baking from. In addition to filling color, there are points Choi, and Choi, with several types of color.

(9) multicolored: Glazed varieties of color, also known as the "hard color." In the white porcelain has been fired, with red, green, yellow and purple color paints, and other logo pattern, from the low-temperature baking.

(10) Fencai: Glazed varieties of color, also known as "soft color." In the firing of porcelain on the use of arsenic with the "white glass" primer, then paint color rendering all kinds of painting, from the low-temperature baking.

(11) Fa Langcai: Glazed varieties of color, also known as "Citai painted enamel," top firing on the white porcelain, and enamel paint materials. Enamel compound of the main components of borate and silicate, with the different metal oxides, with low humidity after baking a variety of colors, mostly yellow, green, red, blue, purple and other colors for the end, then Painting all kinds of flowers, birds, landscapes and Zhu Dan, such as design, decoration is a sense of uplift.

Ceramics main ingredient

Ceramic materials, including kaolin, clay, Cidan, porcelain clay, coloring agent, blue and white material, lime glaze, lime and other alkaline glaze. Kaolin ceramic materials, is a major component of the kaolinite clay. First of all because of Jingdezhen in Jiangxi Province in northeast China found that the high Village named. It's chemistry experiment-to: Al203 2Si02 2H20, followed by the percentage of weight: 39.50%, 46.54%, 13.96%. Pure kaolin or dense pine for the massive dredging, the appearance of a white, light grey. Contaminated by other impurities, was Heihe, pink, yellow rice, with Huani flu, easy Yong Shounie into powder, white color after calcination, Naihuo Du, is a fine Zhici raw materials. Clay ceramic material is a water-cut aluminum silicate minerals, from long-rock category after a long-term role of weathering and geological formation. It is a variety of micro-mineral mix, the main chemical composition of silica, alumina and crystal water, while containing a small amount of alkali metal, alkaline earth metal oxides, such as oxides and coloring. Clay has a unique combination of plasticity and its water swelling can pinch-run Liancheng will, and create the required shape, after the roast has become hard dense. This performance, constitute the basis of ceramics produced by the process. Clay is the basis of ceramics production of raw materials, widely distributed in nature, reserves, variety, is a valuable natural resources.

Cidan also produced porcelain of raw materials, is a by quartz, sericite composition, and a number of feldspar, kaolin, such as the rock-like mineral. A dense block, look for white, gray, yellow and white, gray and green, and some were shiny glass, and some were Tuzhuang shiny, section Changcheng Beike Zhuang, no texture. Cidan itself contains a variety of ceramic components and have Zhici process and firing the required performance. China's very early to make use of Cidan porcelain, in particular, Jiangxi, Hunan, Fujian and other places in the production of traditional Xici, as the main raw materials are Cidan.

Porcelain clay from kaolin, feldspar, quartz and other components, mainly composed of silica and alumina, and contains a small amount of iron oxide, titanium dioxide and calcium oxide, magnesium, potassium and sodium, such as oxidation. The plasticity and it can combine both high performance, high Naihuo Du, is being widely used Zhici raw materials.

Coloring agent in the presence of fetal ceramic, enamel, from the color role. Ceramics are common coloring agent of iron oxide, copper oxide, cobalt oxide, manganese oxide, titanium dioxide, respectively, showed the red, green, blue, purple, yellow and other colors.

Liu Qinghua Ci is blue and white drawing of decoration materials, cobalt soil minerals. China's relatively rich blue and white material reserves, the Leping in Jiangxi Province, on high, Shangrao, Fengcheng, Ganzhou, the Jiangshan, Zhejiang, Yunnan's Yi Liang, Huize, Yung-feng, Ho, Song Ming, as well as Guangxi, Guangdong, Fujian and other places are A soil cobalt ore deposits. Ancient China's Qinghua Ci part of the blue and white material from abroad, most are domestic. Materials are imported from the Tsing Ma Su, Huiqing, a material commonly used in Chinese stone Green, equality Green, Zhejiang expected, Chu-ming Liu, and so on.

Lime glaze is the main material of calcium oxide (Cao), help from melting, characterized by a high-temperature viscosity small, easy-glaze, glazed glass texture strong, transparent, generally thin enamel layer, glazed sheen strong, clearly Characterization and decoration, most of the Southern Song Dynasty porcelain before using lime glaze.

Alkaline lime glaze major components for help melt potassium and calcium oxide material (K2o), sodium oxide (Na20), and other basic metal oxide. Viscosity is characterized by high temperature, difficult-glaze, Shi thick glaze. In high-temperature baking process, the glaze in the air can not emerged glazed in the glaze in the formation of many small bubbles, the remaining glaze in a certain number of undissolved particles of quartz, and a large number of anorthite crystallization. These small bubbles, particles of quartz and feldspar crystallization of calcium to enter the enamel layer in the light scattering, making the glaze becomes opaque and opaque layer, creating a Wenrunruyu visual effects. Alkaline lime glaze of the invention and use of traditional celadon of the tremendous progress. Alkaline lime glaze seen in the Northern Song Dynasty in Ruyao Qing porcelain. Longquan the Southern Song Dynasty porcelain kiln used a lot of lime alkaline glaze, glaze emerged as Qingyu like texture, such as powder blue, green plums. It can be said that the Southern Song Dynasty Longquan celadon ceramic history of China has reached single-Seyou's peak.

Ceramics from clay

Ceramics from clay, quartz and feldspar and other natural mineral raw materials prepared by different formula, the processing, forming and firing derived from its chemical composition depends on the use of natural raw materials and formulas, different in different regions of the ancient pottery kilns because I used The different materials, different formulations of the burning process and the different, the chemical composition of fetal glaze, microstructure and physical properties will have their own characteristics. If the collection of different kiln at the mouth to explore the formation of a reliable ceramic samples systematically studied, the accumulation of data such as chemical composition of the data (including primary and secondary elements and trace elements in the content) the establishment of a database and use the appropriate approach For example, multiple methods such as statistical analysis of the data processing, to identify characteristics of significance with the law. To identify the chemical composition of the ceramics, microstructure, physical properties and burning technology, and other aspects of research, and its chemical composition data and the known kiln in the mouth and the chemical composition of ancient ceramics data to compare treatment And then integrated microstructure, physical properties and burning the areas of information technology could make the identification of ceramics.

Ceramic is the mixture of ingredients in particular many and complex, but according to the origin of different ceramic components are also different. Its main ingredient is silica and silicate (aluminum, calcium silicate, etc.).

Crystal ceramic is a colorless, transparent large mineral quartz crystal

Crystal ceramic is a colorless, transparent large mineral quartz crystal. It is the main chemical composition silica, with the ordinary sand is the "same Niangtai" of a substance. When the time is perfect crystalline silica crystal; silica gel dehydration after the agate; moisture content of silica gel solidified after a Opal; silica grain less than a few microns, on the composition of chalcedony, Flint, secondary quartzite.

Chemical formula for SiO2. Colorless, transparent pure quartz crystal is a variant. In the chemical composition of Si-46.7%, O-53.3%. Containing a different mix of machinery or mixed with a variety of colors and the. Purple and green by Rail (Fe2 +) ion of color, purple may also be titanium (Ti4 +) due to other colors by the color center by the color. In the presence of crystal-like sand, debris-like-iron ore, hematite, rutile, magnetite, garnet, chlorite, such as inclusion, in the crystal are visible to the naked eye may contain hair-like needle-like mineral inclusions Formation. Manganese and iron, said Zishui Jing; iron (a gold or Ningmeng Se) said Huang Crystal; manganese and titanium Mei Guise who was said Rosa quartz; tobacco smoke color, said Crystal; brown say Chajing; transparent black Who called Mojing; Cheng Qian, known as the green-pulp.

Ceramic production process of adaptation

Ceramic production process of adaptation. Refers to the production process in line with the market changing the characteristics of many species can be flexible for small batch production, as we continue to meet the needs of the community adaptability. An enterprise to achieve a reasonable production process, apart from front to achieve four basic requirements, should have the adaptability of the production process this request. That is, when a change in product variety, can use the least investment, with the fastest speed, flexibility to adjust the production process in order to smooth and timely manner to the people of the production of new products, or products will be obsolete due to be eliminated .

Ceramic Science and Technology due to the continuous development. Ceramics and market new products on the increasing demand, forcing ceramics enterprises should continue to develop new products and product changes can not but consider this factor rational organization of the production process and the problems brought about by the impact. In order to enhance the adaptability, ceramics enterprises not only need to greatly improve the level of science and technology applications and new product research, constantly updating their products, also plans to adopt the assessment method, a group of more varieties and Francis production, and other advanced methods of production organization, The use of adaptive equipment and flexible manufacturing system to adapt to changes in production needs.

From the above organizations on the reasonable ceramic production process the basic requirements, we can see that the continuity of the production process, the ratio of rhythm, parallel and adaptation between the five basic requirements are interrelated, mutual constraints, the production process The proportion of and parallel to achieve continuity of the premise. The proportion of the parallel and continuity is the prerequisite of the realization of rhythm. Therefore, the organization ceramics production process, the need for these basic requirements to be considered comprehensive.

Ceramic production of the parallel process

Ceramic production of the parallel process. That is, at all stages, the parallel between the various processes to conduct cross-operating, their time in a row, in space is co-exist. Not only the production of all the major sectors such as ceramics production of raw materials processing, molding, baking is working in parallel, and a production links in the basic production processes and auxiliary production processes is also working in parallel. Production of the parallel process of shortening the production cycle and accelerate capital turnover,. Reduction in the number of products, production equipment and the rational use of the storage area has an important role and significance.

The production process in parallel, in essence, is to enable the continuity of the production process has been further reflected by a higher demand. To achieve this requirement, we must first maintain the proportion of the production process, otherwise, even if the individual equipment or the manpower shortage, will be a weak link in the whole affected the normal production process.

Modern ceramic art

Modern ceramic art: to create, give full play to become the main creative imagination of space and the spirit of the individual value of the media. This ancient pottery door to the art of the spirit of a modern apartment. Therefore, traditional pottery and different, modern ceramic art pottery is only to dump it as the material carriers, which is embodied in a spirit of modern art. It advocated freedom of creativity, personality play, even if some works still retain the shape of the container. But no longer is practical for the purpose. And breakthroughs in the original specifications, abandoning the traditional ceramic refined, structured, classical symmetry of aesthetic tastes, in a random freedom, more imagination, more humanistic spirit direction. The creation of modern pottery is no longer the traditional sense of the art "bottles", even "bottles" and is "bottles that art" free expression of the concept of the survival of the potters experience. Therefore, the modern ceramics artists are purely individual in the face of the soul of artistic creation. A mother from the ancient ceramics in the formation of an independent and out of pure art features.

You Lihong porcelain

You Lihong: You Xia also known as red, originated in the Song Dynasty kilns are the purple red glaze. It can be individually decorated, but also of the blue, red material with the use of (this is decorated blue and white You Lihong), Dunhou You Lihong color stability in the country's traditions and customs, often in this color symbolizing prosperity and good fortune Leisure , Is not unique traditional arts and porcelain You Lihong Qinghua Ci, the Yuan Dynasty potters of Jingdezhen is to create outstanding. Talia born not only of the same era, but also in the production process, decorative themes and style and so on are very similar, is a favorite twin sister. However, due to the calcined You Lihong strict conditions, firing a narrow range, compared to blue and white to the more Jiao Di, its varieties, output and the impact of the Qinghua Ci as a. But it has not prepared the kind of blue and white jewel-like Wealthy flu, coupled with difficulty in firing a result of reasons, and it has always been very valuable.

Chinese traditions and customs, often in red on behalf of wealth and good fortune, but the color prudent You Lihong, Dunhou, both magnificent and simple, this is by the joy of music with the people factor. After the firing was characterized by calm, warm.

Dou Cai porcelain

Dou Cai: a blue and white to Youxia, You Lihong Glazed variety of color and combination of species. Doo Choi Chong Ming burned in the Chenghua period is Youxia color (blue and white) and Glazed color combination of a decorative varieties. First child on a good pattern of blue and white paintings of the cast transparent glaze, roasted into the kiln; fired, to stay in the space filled with low-temperature materials Cai Hui, re-entry in the baking oven, top Doo Choi. A blue and white is the color screen fighting the main color, color Glazed only slightly embellished it. As Glazed Youxia, rich people to the warm, clear fresh feeling, a very good artistic effect. You Xia outlined in blue and white patterns all or most of contour lines, Glazed fill multicolored, high, low secondary firing, painted blue and white in color in the role of other decisions. Also from "Choi Doo" to explain the word justice. You Xia hook with blue and white pattern painted outline of Glazed filled with color painting, Youxia Glazed blue and white color combination with each other Zhengqidouyan. "Bucket", meaning Cou together, is called "Doo Choi."

Choi Doo features: static and dynamic and has, sharp contrast, both grand and Plain Jane. This decoration has shown rich and the performance of its characteristics.: a blue and white to Youxia, You Lihong Glazed variety of color and combination of species. Doo Choi Chong Ming burned in the Chenghua period is Youxia color (blue and white) and Glazed color combination of a decorative varieties. First child on a good pattern of blue and white paintings of the cast transparent glaze, roasted into the kiln; fired, to stay in the space filled with low-temperature materials Cai Hui, re-entry in the baking oven, top Doo Choi. A blue and white is the color screen fighting the main color, color Glazed only slightly embellished it. As Glazed Youxia, rich people to the warm, clear fresh feeling, a very good artistic effect. You Xia outlined in blue and white patterns all or most of contour lines, Glazed fill multicolored, high, low secondary firing, painted blue and white in color in the role of other decisions. Also from "Choi Doo" to explain the word justice. You Xia hook with blue and white pattern painted outline of Glazed filled with color painting, Youxia Glazed blue and white color combination with each other Zhengqidouyan. "Bucket", meaning Cou together, is called "Doo Choi."

Choi Doo features: static and dynamic and has, sharp contrast, both grand and Plain Jane. This decoration has shown rich and the performance of its characteristics.

Qinghua Porcelain

Blue and white: a porcelain glaze. White porcelain flower of the blue said. Typical of the use of cobalt blue and white-ceramic materials in the blanks on the painted decoration, and Shi transparent glaze, firing at a high temperature in the first. Blue spent Youxia, therefore a Youxia Choi. Qinghua Ci is the history of Chinese ceramics in a beautiful wonderful work, their production is expected in the first Green-fetal绘成on various pictorial decoration and glazing at a high temperature (120 degrees or more) a firing. It fresh color, ornamentation beautiful, ever-lasting. Blue and white technique to the concise and simple expression of a rich color language arts, the art has a moving appeal in the performance of methods, is the same color of deep strokes of different colors and lines to performance targets, and basic Chinese painting Similar to the performance of its subject matter content, forms, methods are extremely broad.

Qinghua Ci is characterized by simple, clean, elegant, generous, highly decorated, of the treasure for the people at home and abroad, and the manufacture of porcelain in the world in the process has a very important position.

new varieties of ceramics

With the development of modern science and technology, the past 100 years and there are many new varieties of ceramics. They no longer use or rarely use clay, feldspar, quartz and other traditional ceramic materials, but the use of other special materials, and even extended to non-silicate, the scope of non-oxide, and a lot of new technology. The United States and some European countries of the literature has "Ceramic" understanding of the term for a variety of inorganic non-metallic materials commonly known as solid. So the meaning of ceramics in fact go far beyond the traditional concept of the past a narrow.

So far, the Definition of ceramics might be summarized in the following description: a ceramic or aluminum silicate minerals, such as oxides of some major raw materials, in accordance with the specific intent by the physical and chemical process at high temperature to a certain Temperature and atmosphere made of a certain type of technology rock. Glazing or may not surface glazing, a number of porcelain also have varying degrees of semi-transparent, Tongti by one or more crystal and amorphous or cement clinker and stomata or inclusions, such as micro-structure components.

Portland industrial ceramics industry is one of the main branch, the scope of inorganic chemical industry. However, modern science and highly integrated, mutual penetration, the ceramic industry from the manufacturing process to analyze the content, it's complicated and involves a broad, inorganic chemistry is not only to the general theory.

Chinese sanitary ceramics

Chinese sanitary ceramics annual production capacity of 60 million, sales of 50 million, of which high-grade sanitary ceramics accounted for 10 percent, mid-range of 30 to 40 percent, 50 to 60 percent for low-grade products. In the high-grade ceramic sanitary ware, from the world Well-known manufacturer of the production of a considerable part of them to the Chinese market on firm footing, in addition to its well-known international brands of charm, and marketing strategy has also greatly relations. In China Building Ceramic Industry and eliminate backward products, improve product quality Today, learn from the experience of others and follow the road of their own brand names, it is necessary to.

Ceramic Industry after Entering into WTO in China

After China enters the WTO, China's ceramics enterprises are faced with the marketing environment very different from those of many of China's ceramic market has long been the envy of the developed countries of the ceramic enterprises have settled down in China China's ceramics enterprises face of the highly volatile marketing environment, what kind of measures should be taken , In the domestic market and international ceramic pottery market at the same time gain a firm foothold, the paper tried to ceramics from China's accession to the WTO after the enterprises are facing a new start marketing environment, the corresponding marketing strategy for China's large ceramic enterprises to some useful enlightenment.

domestic and international ceramic market has undergone tremendous changes

With economic development, domestic and international ceramic market has undergone tremendous changes, how to conduct international marketing has become China's ceramics enterprises are facing a major problem. In this paper, the analysis of the international market the new features ceramics, ceramics enterprises on China's international Marketing strategy.

Domestic Porcelain in China

After joining the WTO, China Daily Ceramics facing increasingly fierce competitive environment. Enterprises to explore the international market, participating in international competition, we must cultivate their own international competitiveness. Based Chinese Ceramics of the actual daily, from the technology, resources, management , Marketing and other aspects of China's four daily Ceramics international competitiveness of the cultivation of countermeasures.

Chinese Enterprise Expand International Ceramic Market

At present, China's ceramics business development of international marketing is still at a relatively low level, the overseas market performance is not high, these are not conducive to China's ceramic long-term strategic development of enterprises. In this paper, our analysis of the current status quo ceramic enterprises in overseas markets, overseas enterprises in further analysis Market development in the advantages and disadvantages, which are conducive to the final by China's ceramics enterprises expand overseas markets for the strategic recommendations for the development of ceramic reference.

China's ceramic industry

China, but also a ceramic meaning that the Chinese ceramics in the history of the world's far-reaching impact. Paper to the International Ceramics market characteristics and China's ceramic industry, such as research, so as to demonstrate Chinese ceramics the need for international marketing.

Designing Ceramic Decal

Ceramic Decal through the printing process used to design the patterns in a particular ceramic pigment printed on paper (usually large and small paper membrane film paper) and can shift in ceramic paste on the print used for decorative ceramics.

Key Points in Ceramic Decal Printing

Natural light and color to our lives is a symbol of the U.S., there is no light there will be no color. Ceramic Decal is basically the color of the Indian. Printing With the development of the multi-color screen, beautiful color photos, and other levels of the rich , The color is certainly, so it is necessary to use four-color printing process to resolve. Four-color printing will be the main principle is a standard on the map (or photo, reversal film), a computer map on the decomposition of a One by one of the outlets and then to four basic colors that is yellow, magenta, green and black combination use of each other, through the print and produce different color screen, the final barbecue, people will be able to see these rich colors of the ceramic Products. Huagao the printing of these, can be summed up by years of understanding summarized as follows points.

Ceramic Decal Paper Screen Printing

Printing paper flowers affect the quality of the eight factors in ceramic flower paper Screen Printing, eight factors affecting the effect of printing paper flowers and the quality of evaluation of the quality of ceramic flower paper has four main areas: image reduction, color Layer of saturation, Taose the accuracy and consistency of hue. Judge must first understand the quality of the paper spent four standards, and then analysis on the impact on the quality of the paper spent eight factors.

Ceramic art of printing

Ceramic art of printing the current There are two main ways: direct decoration, such as glazed tiles Screen Printing; indirect decoration, such as screen printing or digital printing technology ceramic flower paper, for a variety of pottery, paintings and other products Ciban Decorations.

Ceramic Screen Printing Decal areas of arts and crafts

Ceramic Screen Printing Decal areas of arts and crafts, it is the decorative patterns, color and shape into the ceramic form of art, which is practical and the perfect combination of art. The author in the Screen Printing industry for more than 20 years, with the honour Fan Zeng, Rawanduz age, Dong Chen Sheng, Yan Feihong masters such as the authentic production of ceramic art-Block decorative painting and ceramics.

Screening of Fine Printing technology for ceramic flower paper

Screening of Fine Printing technology can meet the high-grade ceramic flower paper production needs. Discusses the development and application of Fine Printing technology network linking the necessity and feasibility of the Screen Printing Decal percentage points of the set and Screen Printing high-grade ceramic Decal the production process were described in detail.

Ceramic Decal Screen Printing

Glazed Screen Printing of the paper flowers, as the name suggests, is the Glazed ceramic pigment printed paper flowers affixed to the finished enamel surface, barbecue temperature 750 ~ 850 ℃, will be attached to the logo colors of the enamel surface, so called Glazed flower Paper.

Ceramic Decal Printing technology

Ceramic Decal Printing technology used Screen Printing of ceramic production Decal, its focus is to ensure that the process Taose accurate color layer thick and glossy, color-level clear pattern in these three areas.

Screen Printing prepress process ceramic flower production

Screen Printing prepress process ceramic flower production of paper and other printing methods similar to those can be divided into three parts: pre-press, printing and India. Screen Printing Paper ceramic flowers, prepress part is extremely important. Prepress part of the design , Color separation, typesetting, platemaking (a film for the network version of the system used), the copy processes.

Ceramic Decal Screen Printing is a combination of science and art

Ceramic Decal Screen Printing is a combination of science and art, which is inseparable from the more decorative ceramic science and art in modern decorative arts, the largest network in the form of printing paper is used to decorative ceramic China is the world's largest The ceramic-producing countries, annual exports of ceramics is about 14 billion, the domestic market of ceramics, to engage in this huge number of ceramic Decal enterprises and experts brought a great deal of competition space. Ceramic Decal has a healthy development in China The history, types and more than abroad, the paper will focus on the most market welcomed the Screen Printing ceramic water transfer Decal.

Ceramic Decoration and Decal Screen Printing

Briefly described the decoration of ceramics products, focusing on ceramics Decal Screen Printing, the specific film on a big paper flowers, small film Decal structure, production and use; Glazed Decal and the transfer of Youxia Decal, On-paper and printed materials as well as the requirements of the ceramic Decal Printing features.